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Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany
This course will enable the students to –
- To provide relevant information about Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms along with their evolutionary history, their phylogenetic relationships and fossil wealth of the world and economic importance of selected forms.
- To impart theoretical as well as practical knowledge on the higher plant forms of taxonomic hierarchy
- To ascertain the importance of fossilization in order to relate life forms of earlier era
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Course |
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Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
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BOT 221
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Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms & Palaeobotany |
On completion of this course, the students will be able to; CO26: Demonstrate an understanding of Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Fossils CO27: Develop critical understanding on morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms CO28: Understanding of plant evolution and their transition to land habitat. CO29: Demonstrate proficiency in the experimental techniques and methods of appropriate analysis of Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms |
Class lectures Seminars Tutorials Group discussions and Workshops Question preparation
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Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects |
UNIT I Pteridophytes I: General characters, classification, telome theory, stelar system and evolution of stele, apogamy, apospory, origin of seed habit and heterospory.
UNIT II
Gymnosperm I: Introduction, general characters, classification, evolution of gymnosperms, distribution of gymnosperms in India, affinities of gymnosperms with angiosperms, pteridophytes and pteridosperms and economic importance.
UNIT III
Pteridophytes II: General characters, classification, structure, economic importance and life history of-
Psilopsida: Tmesipteris
Lycopsida: Selaginella, Isoetes
Sphenopsida: Equisetum
Pteropsida: Osmunda, Adiantum
UNIT IV
Gymnosperm II: General account of gymnosperms with reference to morphology, anatomy and reproduction of the following:
Cycadales – Zamia
Ginkgoales-Ginkgo,
Coniferales - Cedrus, Araucaria
Taxales- Taxus
Ephedrales – Ephedra
Welwitschiales -Welwitschia
Gnetales - Gnetum.
UNIT IV
Palaeobotany: Types of fossils, geological time scale. Brief account of Rhynia and Psilophyton. Pteridospermales (Glossopteridaceae) Cycadeoidales, Cordaitales and Pentoxylales. Contribution of Birbal Sahani in Palaeobotany.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
· Bhatnagar, SP and Moitra, A. 2004. Gymnosperms. New Age International (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi.
· Sharma, OP. 2012. Text Book of Pteridophyta. Tata McGraw-Hill.
· Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany, by Sanjay Kumar Singh; Campus Books International (2008)
· Chamber Lain, C.J. Gymnosperms: Structure and Evolution .CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
· Sharma, OP. 2006. Text Book of Pteridophyta. McMillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
· THE MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS by Sporne, 2015; Hutchinson and Co. Ltd., London.
· Vasishtha, PC. 2010. Gymnosperms Vol.V. S. Chand & Co., Delhi.
Diversity of Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Elementary Palaeobotany; 2014. Satish Kumar; Pragati Prakashan; Latest Edition
