Practical

Suggested exercises:

• To study the body plan of a dicotyledonous plant.
• Study of primary and secondary growth in root and stem of monocots and dicots by section cutting and permanent slides.
• Study of internal structure of dicot and monocot leaves. Study of structure and development of stomata.
• Field study of various life forms exhibited by flowering plants and study of diversity in leaf shape, size and other foliar features.
• To study monopodial and sympodial branching.
• L.S. shoot tip to study cytohistological zonation and origin of leaf buttresses.
• L.S. root tip to study different primordial and structure of root cap and root hair.
• Study of anomalous secondary growth in Boerhaavia, Bignonia, Bougainvillea, Leptadenia, Salvadora, Nyctanthes and Dracaena.
• Structure of anther, microsporogenesis and pollen grains. Calculation of pollen viability percentage using in vitro pollen germination techniques.
• Structure of ovule and embyo sac development (through slides).
• Study of embryo development in monocots and dicots.
• Vegetative propagation by means of cutting, budding and grafting exercises.
• Study of seed germination.
• Field study for identification, collection and preservation of plant material.
• Preparation of herbarium.
• Study of flora, monographs,icons, manuals and indexes.
• Study of the following plants (any one from each family)

Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus, Delphinium.
Brassicaceae: Brassica, Iberis
Malvaceae: Hibiscus, Althea, Abutilon.
Rutaceae:  Murraya, Citrus
Papilllionaceae: Pisum, Lathyrus.
Ceasalpiniaceae: Bauhinia, Cassia.
Mimosaceae: Acacia, Mimosa.
Apiaceae: Coriandrum, Foeniculum,
Asteraceae: Helianthus, Tridex, Sonchus.
Apocyanaceae: Nerium, Catharanthus, Tabernaemontana, Thevetia.
Asclepiadaceae: Calotropis
Solanaceae: Solanum, Cestrum, Datura, Petunia.
Acanthaceae: Adhatoda, Peristrophe.
Lamiaceae: Ocimum, Salvia.
Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia, Phyllanthus, Ricinus.
Liliaceae: Asphodelus, Asparagus.
Poaceae: Avena, Hordeum, Triticum, Zea, Sorghum

• Economic Botany