PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Paper Code: 
25CBOT401
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to-

  • To study the vital and the various metabolic activities in plants.
  • To provide an overview of the plant biochemical and physiological processes that could be exploited both to reduce the environmental impact of modern agricultural practices and to develop strategies and tools to increase plant yield and quality and to illustrates knowledge of stress adaptations in biological systems.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning Outcome

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course title

25CBOT

401

Plant Physiology and Metabolism

 

CO31: Discuss plant water relations and mineral nutrition. And design experiments and predict outcomes of phenomena like osmosis and transpiration in varied conditions.

CO32: Develop an insight into the mechanism of phloem transport and maximize knowledge of photosynthetic machinery.

CO33: Elaborate on various pathways of photosynthesis and compile all the factors

affecting it.

CO34: Adapt to the idea of ATP synthesis and generation of energy and other macromolecules for cell survival

CO35: Design experiments of photoperiodism and plant growth by building knowledge of

plant growth hormones and their effects.

CO36: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

Learning activities for the student:

Self-learning assignment, Effective questions, Stimulation, Seminar presentation

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Plant and Water

Plant and Water: Diffusion, osmosis, water potential, DPD and its relation with OP & TP; Plasmolysis, imbibition, ascent of sap, transpiration: stomatal structure, mechanism and significance of transpiration.

Mineral nutrition: Role of micro and macro elements, ion uptake: chelating reagents and siderophores, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, hydroponics.

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Transport and Photosynthetic machinery

Transport of Organic substances: Mechanism of phloem transport, apoplast and symplast concept, source-sink relationship.

Photosynthetic machinery: Chloroplast structure, chlorophyll and accessory pigments, action and absorption spectra and enhancement effects, photosystems I and II

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Photosynthesis mechanism

Photophosphorylation- cyclic and non-cyclic, Calvin cycle, C4 pathway, CAM plants, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis.

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Respiration

RQ, ATP-the biological energy currency, fermentation, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport mechanism, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway. 

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Growth and Development

Plant growth regulators- Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene: biosynthesis, chemistry, mechanism of action and their physiological roles, physiology of flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, growth movements.

 

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Devlin, R. M., & Witham, F. H. (1987). Plant Physiology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth.
  • Mukherji, S., & Ghosh, A. K. (2020). a. La Vergne: New Central Book Agency.
  • Lawlor, D. W. (2001). Photosynthesis: Molecular, Physiological and Environmental Processes. Harlow: Longman scientific & technical.
  • Mohr, H., & Schopfer, P. (2011). Plant physiology. Berlin: Springer...
  • Pandey, S. N., & Sinha, B. K. (2018). Plant physiology. Noida: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
  • Sands, M. K. (1988). Problems in Plant Physiology. London: John Murray.
  • Srivastava, H. S. (2005). Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Meerut: Rastogi Publications.
  • Verma, S. K., & Verma, M. (2013). A Textbook of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology: (For B. Sc. and M. Sc. Students of all Indian Universities). New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.
  • Verma, V. (2009). Textbook of Plant Physiology. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
  • Verma, V. (2016). Plant Physiology. U.K: Athena Academic.
  • Parashar, A. N., & Bhatia, K. N. (1994). Plant physiology. Jalandhar city: Trueman Book Co.
  • Willey, N. (2018). Environmental Plant Physiology. UNITed States: CRC Press.
  • Jain, V. K. (2000). Fundamental of Plant Physiology. India: S. Chand Limited.
  • Kochhar, S. L., Gujral, S. K. (2020). Plant Physiology: Theory and Applications. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bhatla, S. C., A. Lal, M. (2018). Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Germany: Springer Singapore.

 

References: 

Journals:

  • Plant Physiology (American Society of Plant Biologists)
  • Journals of Plant Physiology (Elsevier)
  • International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry)
  • Annual Review of Plant Physiology (Annual Reviews, US)

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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