Plant Physiology and Biochemistry I

Paper Code: 
25BOT223
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To study the vital activities in plant and study of various metabolic activities in plants
  2. To know about absorption, translocation and utilization of water and other minerals
  3. To understand changes during growth process (germination to senescence)
  4. To understand various photosynthetic and respiratory cycles
  5.  To gain knowledge on biomolecules
  6.  To study the behavior of plants under various environmental conditions
  7. To provide in depth understanding on the various laws governing the physiology of plants.
  8. To enhance the knowledge on physiology and biochemical aspects through series of experiments

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

25BOT223

 

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry I

 

CO45: Apply, analyze, and assess plant water relations and mineral nutrition physiology, covering cellular processes, physiological mechanisms, and ecological interactions. With this knowledge, they can devise innovative strategies to minimize stress and enhance agricultural productivity.

CO46: Achieve a comprehensive understanding of photosynthesis, assisting the in development of hypothesis to address unresolved questions about photosynthesis and plant productivity

CO47: Deeply understand & evaluate plant respiration, from basics to ecology, enabling critical analysis and innovation for better farming and ecological balance.

CO48: Adeptly asses the intricate mechanism of signal transductions, receptors, PGRs & stress physiology in plants and their implications on plant adaptation, growth & response to environmental challenges.

CO49: Master plant growth and development intricacies to elucidate and apply the advanced concepts of plant growth processes, in agricultural and biotechnological contexts, and innovate solutions for enhancing crop productivity, ecological sustainability, and global food security.

CO50: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in Teaching:

Activity based teaching, Flipped classroom, inquiry based learning,

Learning Activities for the students:

Presentations, demonstrations, Seminars

symposiums

 

 

 

Discussion, Presentations, Interactive sessions, Model or chart assessment,reflective writing

 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Plant-Water relations & Mineral Nutrition

Plant-Water relations and Membrane transport: Soil water, diffusion and osmosis (DPD, OP, TP, and Water Potential), imbibition, Plasmolysis, ascent of sap, transpiration: stomatal structure, mechanism and significance of transpiration.

Mineral Nutrition: Role of micro and macro elements, ion uptake: chelating agents, siderophores

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic pigments, absorption and action spectrum, photo-oxidation, non-cyclic and cyclic transportation of electrons, proton gradient and photophosphorylation, Calvin cycle, structure of RUBISCO and regulation of its activity, control of Calvin cycle , C4 pathway and its significance, CAM pathway, differences between C3 and C4 plants and photorespiration.

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Respiration

Respiration: Anaerobic and aerobic respiration, fermentation, Respiratory Quotients, glycolysis, regulation of glycolysis, regulation of TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glyoxylate pathway, gluconeogenesis.   Phloem transport: Mechanism of phloem transport and translocation of sugars.          

                                                                                                                                      

12.00
Unit IV: 
Signal transduction & Stress physiology

Signal transduction: Receptors: ion channel, G-proteins and enzyme linked, calcium-calmodulin cascade, signal transduction mechanisms with special reference to plant growth regulators.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Stress physiology: Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant defense mechanisms against water stress, salinity stress, metal toxicity, freezing and heat stress, Role of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Phytoregulation & Photobiology

Growth and Development: Plant growth regulators - Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene, – chemistry, biosynthesis, bioassay, mechanism of action and their physiological roles.

Photobiology: Phytochromes– their discovery, physiological roles and mechanism of action, Physiology of flowering: Photoperiodism and Vernalization.        

 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Devlin, R.M., & Witham, F.H. (1987). Plant physiology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth.
  • Mukherji, S., & Ghosh, A.K. (2020). Plant Physiology. La Vergne: New Central Book Agency.
  • Hopkins, W.G., Hüner, N.P.A. (2009). Introduction to plant physiology. Honduras: Wiley.
  • Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., Murphy, A. S., (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. United States: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated, Publishers.
  • Salisbury, F.B., & Ross, C.W. (2009). Plant physiology. Australia: Cengage Learning.
  • Lawlor, D.W. (2001). Photosynthesis: Molecular, physiological and environmental processes. Harlow: Longman scientific & technical.
  •  Kuila A. (2022). Plant Stress Biology: Progress and prospects of genetic engineering: Apple Academic Press Inc.

Suggested Readings:

  • Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C. (1999). Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Mohr, H., & Schopfer, P. (2011). Plant Physiology. Berlin: Springer.
  • Pandey, S.N., & Sinha, B.K. (2018). Plant Physiology. Noida: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
  • Sands, M.K. (1988). Problems in Plant Physiology. London: John Murray.
  • Srivastava, H.S. (2005). Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Meerut: Rastogi Publications.
  • Verma, S.K. & Verma, M. (2013). A Textbook of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology: New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.
  • Stewart, P., & Globig, S. (2012). Plant Physiology. Toronto: Apple Academic Press.
  • Verma, V. (2009). Textbook of Plant Physiology. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
  • Verma, V. (2016). Plant Physiology. U.K: Athena Academic.
  • Parashar, A.N., & Bhatia, K.N. (1994). Plant Physiology. Jalandhar city: Trueman Book Co.
  • Willey, N. (2018). Environmental Plant Physiology. United States: CRC Press.
  • Jain, V.K. (2000). Fundamental of Plant Physiology. India: S. Chand Limited.
  • Kochhar, S.L., Gujral, S.K. (2020). Plant Physiology: Theory and Applications. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bhatla, S.C.A. & Lal, M. (2018). Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Germany: Springer Singapore.
  • Taiz, L and Lincoln, E. (2010). Plant Physiology. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi
  • Galston, A.W. (1994). Life Processes in Plants. Scientific American Library.

 

References: 

e-Resources:

Journals:

  • Plant Physiology (American Society of Plant Biologists)
  • Journal of Plant Physiology (Elsevier)
  • Annual Review of Plant Physiology (Annual Reviews, US)

·Physiologia Plantarum (Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society, Wiley Blackwell)

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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