MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

Paper Code: 
DBOT 703
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To provide knowledge about the intricacies of life processes at the molecular and cellular level.
  2. To impart knowledge in theory and practice about cell structure, functions and various associated proteins.
  3. To study the modern theoretical and practical aspects of Cytogenetics.
  4. To develop understanding of the tools of genetics and physical mapping.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

 
 

Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CO79: Understand the structure of cell membrane, cell wall; structure and function of chloroplast and process of transport of molecules.

CO80: Understand the nuclear structure & functions along with nuclear pore complex, SMC proteins and cot curve and their applications

CO81: Analyze mechanisms of protein sorting in the cell and develop an insight into intracellular structural and motor proteins associated with the cytoskeleton and the latest R& D in this field.

CO82: Understand the roles of checkpoints, Cyclin, Cdks, and MPF in cell cycle control.

 CO83: Apply the knowledge of genetic and physical mapping in Molecular Biology.

Class Hours

Seminars

Tutorials

Group discussions and Workshops

Question preparation

 

 

Class testst, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments presentations on, Individual and group projects

  
 

 

12.00

Cell wall: Dynamic structure, functions and biogenesis of cell wall

Plasma membrane: Structure, membrane proteins, membrane dynamics (trans bilayer movement, FRAP), transport of molecules (passive diffusion, ion channels and pumps, active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis and endocytosis)   

Plasmodesmata: Structure, functions, comparison with gap junctions.

Chloroplast: Structure, biogenesis, genome organization and nucleochloroplastic interactions

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Nucleus

Nucleus: Structure, nuclear pore complex, nucleolus and RNA processing Chromatin organization: Chromosome structure, packaging of DNA (nucleosome organization, solenoid model), molecular organization of centromere and telomere, SMC proteins-Cohesin and Condensin proteins, cot curve, Repetitive DNA.

 

12.00

The cytoskeleton: Structure and organization of actin filaments, role of actin and myosin in cell movement, intermediate filaments, organization of microtubules, microtubules motors and movement and cytoskeletal accessory proteins.

Protein sorting and transport: Targeting of proteins in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast and the mechanism of vesicular transport.

 

12.00

Cell cycle:  Phases of cell cycle, cell cycle check points, families of cyclins and cyclins dependent kinases, DNA damage checkpoints, Cdk1/Cyclin B and progression to metaphase, progression to anaphase, cytokinesis and cell plate formation

Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death: events of apoptosis, caspases, Bcl-2 family, regulation of apoptosis.  

 

12.00

Molecular Cytogenetics:

Genetic mapping, genetic markers-RFLP, RAPD, SNPs.                                                              

Physical mapping- Restriction mapping, STS mapping and FISH

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Bell, S. P., Baker, T. A., Watson, J. D. (2008). Molecular Biology of the Gene. United Kingdom: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
  • Hunt, T., Wilson, J. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell 6E - The Problems Book. United States: W.W. Norton.    
  • Watson, J. D. (2004). Molecular Biology of the Gene. India: Pearson Education.    
  • Amon, A., Bretscher, A., Kaiser, C. A., Lodish, H., Berk, A., Martin, K. C., Krieger, M., Ploegh, H. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology. United Kingdom: W. H. Freeman.
  • Sinha and Sinha. (2015). Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Goldstein, E. S., Kilpatrick, S. T., Krebs, J. E. (2017). Lewin's GENE XII. Japan: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Brown, T., Brown, T. A. (2012). Introduction to Genetics: A Molecular Approach. United Kingdom: Garland Science.
  • Russell, P. J. (2010). Genetics: a molecular approach. United Kingdom: Benjamin Cummings.
  • Singh, A., Singh, B. (2016). Marker-Assisted Plant Breeding: Principles and Practices: Springer India.
  • Gupta, P.K., Tsuchiya, T. (2012). Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution.  Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
  • Sinha and Sinha. (2015). Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Goldstein, E. S., Kilpatrick, S. T., Krebs, J. E. (2017). Lewin's GENE XII. Japan: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

 

References: 

Suggested Readings:                                 

·        Lewis, J., Hopkin, K., Walter, P., Johnson, A. D., Bray, D., Alberts, B., Roberts, K., Raff, M. (2013). Essential Cell Biology. United States: CRC Press. 

·        Buchann, B.B., Gruissem, W., Jones, R.L. (2015). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. (2015). United Kingdom: Wiley.

·        Iwasa, J., Marshall, W., Karp, G. (2018). Karp's Cell Biology. Singapore: Wiley.

·        Karp, G. (2013). Cell Biology. Philippines: Wiley.

·        Roberts, K., Watson, J. D., Alberts, B., Wilson, J. H., Hunt. Raff, M., Lewis, J., BRay, D. (1989). Molecular Biology of the Cell. Egypt: Garland Publishers

·        Pazdernik, N. J., Clark, D. P. (2013). Molecular Biology. Germany: Elsevier Science.

·        Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2015). Principles of Genetics 7th edition; John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA.

·        Klug, W. S. (2012). Concepts of Genetics. United Kingdom: Pearson.

·        Hayward, M.D., Bosemark, N.O., Romagosa, T. (2012). Plant Breeding: Principles and Prospects.  Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.

·        Salinas, B. (2018). Plant Cytogenetics, Breeding and Evolution. United Kingdom: EDTECH.

 

e-Resources:

·        https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102108086 Cell Biology: Cellular organization, division and processes, IISc Bangalore

·        https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102106025 Molecular Cell Biology, IIT Madras

·        https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103012 Cell Biology, IIT Guwahati

·        https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_bt18/preview Cell Biology: Cellular organization, division and processes

·        https://www.etsu.edu/uschool/faculty/tadlockd/documents/apbio_19_lecture_outline.pdf

·        https://www.uou.ac.in/lecturenotes/science/MSCBOT-17/Viruses%20(BOT-501)%20by%20Dr.%20Kirtika%20Padalia.pdf

·        https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/102/104/102104056/

·        https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103015

·        https://www.mlsu.ac.in/econtents/209_DNA%20Transfer%20Methods.pdf

·        https://www.deshbandhucollege.ac.in/pdf/resources/1589512616_Z(H)-VI-Biotech-1.pdf

·        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119911/

·        https://archive.nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/pmrf/102104052/noc22-bt07_week3.pdf

·        https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104108056

·        https://microbenotes.com/lac-operon/

·        https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec20_ma13/preview

 

Journals:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

·        Journal of Molecular Biology (Elsevier).

·        Molecular and Cellular Biology, ASM (American Society for Microbiology)

·        Journal of Biology (Springer Nature)

·        Molecular Biology Reports (Springer)

·        Cytology and Genetics (Springer)

·        Cytology and Genetics (Nature)

·        Genetics Research (Hindwai)

·        Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Elsevier)      

Journal of Cytology (NCBI) 

Academic Year: 
2023-2024
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