Cytology and Genetics

Paper Code: 
BOT122
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To provide insight into structure and functions of chromosomes, chromosome mapping, polyploidy and cytogenetic aspects of crop evolution
  2. To study the Mendelian as well as modern aspects of genetics with Cytogenetics.
  3. To impart the knowledge about general principles of radiation and various tests/methods for detection of radiation effects on the living cells, genetic risks involved and perspectives of advances made

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

     Course

       Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

BOT 122

 

Cytology and Genetics

CO5: Develop an advanced knowledge about cytogenetics and human disease.

CO6: Perform cell culture, chromosome preparations, karyotyping and FISH analysis of chromosomes.

CO7:  Diagnose and interpret pathology of chromosomes (chromosome aberrations, trisomy, rearrangements etc.).

CO8: Understand and investigate the cause and effect of chromosome abnormalities and associated human diseases.

CO9 Develop a professional knowledge of the cytogenetic disorders

CO10: Develop knowledge of basic cytogenetic laboratory techniques necessary to prepare tissue samples

 

Class lectures

Seminars

Tutorials

Group discussions and Workshops

Question preparation

 

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Chromatin organization

Chromosome structure, molecular organization of centromere and telomere, SMC proteins-Cohesin and Condensin proteins,  cot curve, Repetitive DNA, DNA methylation, specialized types of chromosomes: polytene and lampbrush, B-chromosomes.

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Genome anatomies

Genomes of Virus, Bacteria and Eukaryotic organisms; mobile genetic elements, transformation, conjugation and transduction in bacteria, cytoplasmic male sterility, Structural and numerical alternations in chromosomes, Robertsonian translocations, B-A translocations, Alien gene transfer-examples from Triticum, Arachis and Brassica                

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Gene structure and expression

Fine structure of gene, translation, Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, significance of introns, Panoply of operon, catabolic repression, attenuation and antitermination, Gene silencing: RNAi, Antisense RNA.

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Mutations

Spontaneous and induced mutations, physical and chemical mutagens, molecular basis of gene mutations, transposons, site-directed mutagenesis, proto-oncogene and oncogenes, Sex determination, Sex linked inheritence, Sex limited characters                                                                

12.00
Unit V: 
Molecular Cytogenetics

Genetic mapping, genetic markers-RFLP, RAPD, SNPs.                                                  Physical mapping- Restriction mapping, STS mapping and FISH

 

 

Essential Readings: 

·Atherlt, AG; Girton, JR and McDonald, JF. 1999. The Science of  Genetics. Saunders College Publishing. Fort Worth, USA

  • Chaudhary, HK. 1998. Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding.      Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
  • Chopra, VL. 2003. Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
  • Devi  and Pratibha. 2003. Principles and Methods of Plant Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics. Agrobios, Jodhpur.
  • Gupta, PK. 1993. Plant Breeding. Rastogo Publications, Meerut. 
  • Hartt,  DL and Jones, EW. 1998. Genetics: Principles and Analysis (4th edition). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Massachusetts, USA.
  • Hawkins. Gene Structure and Expression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
  • Kaushik, P. 2006. Cytology, Genetics & Evolution. Faculty of Distance Education, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar.
  • Russel, PJ. 1998. Genetics. The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Co. Inc.,USA.
  • Sharma. 1997. Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
  • Singh, BD. 2003. Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishers.
  • Sinha. 1995. Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Snustad, DP and Simmons, MJ. 2000. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA.
  • Srivastava and Tyagi. 1997. Selected Problems in Genetics Vol.III. Anmol Publications, New Delhi.
  • Stent, GS 1986. Molecular Genetics. CBS Publications, New Delhi.
  • Tyagi. 1996. Fundamentals of Cytogenetics, plant Breeding and Evolution. Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur.

 

 

References: 
·
  • Pandey, BP and Trivedi, PC. 1997. Botany Vol. I(10th edition). Vikas Publishing House.
  • Pandey, BP; Misra; Trivedi, PC. 1997. Botany Vol. II. Vikas Publishing House.
  • Pandey, BP and Chadha. 1997. Botany Vol. III. Vikas Publishing House

 

 

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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