Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

Paper Code: 
25BOT324
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To study the various tools and techniques used to improve the plant productivity and to introduce the basic aspects of bioinformatics.
  2. To impart knowledge and practical skills to use biotechnological tools in crop improvement.
  3. To impart knowledge about the methods of molecular separation and characterization
  4. To expose the practical nuances of biotechnology, computing sciences and information tools by way of lab visits.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

25BOT

324

 

Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

 

CO89: Utilize, the advanced understanding of principles of Plant Tissue Culture in modern agriculture & biotechnology with an added ability to design experiments to overcome its limitations.

CO90: Build a compilation and assess the principles & methodologies of gene cloning, exploring ethical & ecological implications with a focus on GURT & its impact on agricultural practices.

CO91: Analyze & evaluate the complex landscape of IPR with a focus on their role in fostering and proposing an understanding of both theoretical & practical applications in the purview of Global market.

CO92: Evaluate the molecular tools of Advanced Genetic Engineering & effectively apply them in practical scenarios for formulating hypothesis that drive progress in Molecular Biology Research & enhance biotechnology applications.

CO93: Utilize bioinformatics tool & technologies to extract insights from biological data, formulating novel discoveries & advancements in fields such as genomics, proteomics & Drug discovery.

CO94: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

 

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussions, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team Teaching

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective question, simulation, Seminars, Quiz

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Plant Tissue Culture

General introduction, history and scope of plant tissue culture, comparision of different plant tissue culture media, concept of totipotency, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis (direct & indirect), callus culture and suspension culture, somaclonal variation, hardening and acclimatization of plants. 

 Protoplast culture: Isolation and culture of protoplast, somatic hybridization, hybrid selection and regeneration, concept of hybrid and cybrid, achievements and limitations of protoplast culture.                                                                                             

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Transgenic plants

Concept and history of transgenesis in plants, principles and techniques of gene cloning: direct DNA transfer to plant cells, Agrobacterium mediated transformation: Ti plasmid, process of T- DNA transfer and integration, vectors, promoter, terminator, marker and reporter genes, ethical and ecological issues of transgenesis, terminator technology (GURT)

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Intellectual Property Rights

Introduction of IPR, Forms of IPRs, Distinction among various IPRs; Introduction of Paris convention, WIPO, WTO and TRIPS, Indian IP system; Salient features of Patent Act, patentability requirement, prior-art search, Documents  requirement for filing an application for patent, patent publication, technology transfer, Infringements and remedies; Budapest treaty; Protection of plant variety and farmers rights Act, Convention of Biological Diversity, bio-patents, traditional knowledge, case studies – haldi, neem, basmati, GM crops and IPRs, Geographical indicators.

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Genetic engineering

Molecular tools and their applications: Restriction enzymes, C DNA and genomic library, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, DNA fingerprinting.                                                                                      

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Bioinformatics

Gene bank sequence database, structure database, sequence analysis, information retrieval from biological database, NCBI data model, sequence alignment and database searching and practical aspects of multiple sequence alignment.

 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Sahni, S., In Prasad, B. D., & In Kumar, P. (2021). Plant Biotechnology: Volume 2. Academic Press, Toronto
  • Prasad, B. D., In Sahni, S., In Kumar, P., & In Siddiqui, M. W. (2021). Plant Biotechnology Volume 1. Academic Press, Toronto
  •  Hill, S. (2016). Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology.  Syrawood Publishing House. United States.
  • S.L.: Syrawood Pub House. Plant Biotechnology: Principles and Applications.
  • Thangadurai, D., Tang, W., & Song, S.-Q. (2007). Plant Stress and Biotechnology. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Company
  • Slater, A., Scott, N. W., & Fowler, M. R. (2003). Plant Biotechnology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • International Congress of the International Association of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, & Vasil, I. K. (2011). Plant Biotechnology 2002 and beyond. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Chawla, H. S. (2000). Introduction to plant biotechnology. Enfield, N.H: Science Publishers.
  • Smith, J. E. (2009). Biotechnology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ramawat, K. G. (2014). Biotechnology: Secondary metabolites. Enfield : Science
  • Saunders, J., Warmbrodt, R. D., & National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (1993). Biotechnology, plant nutrition: January 1988 - April 1993. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library.
  • Gupta, P. K. (2015). Plant biotechnology. Meerut: Rastogi Publications.
  • Stewart, C.N.. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. (2016). United Kingdom: Wiley.
  • Hopkins, W. G. (2006). Plant Biotechnology. United States: Facts On File, Incorporated.

 

Suggested Readings:

  • Singh, B. D. (2006). Plant Biotechnology. India: Kalayani Publishers.
  • Chrispeels, M. J., Sadava, D. E. (2003). Plants, Genes, and Crop Biotechnology. Italy: Jones and Bartlett Publisher.
  • Brown, T. A. (2016). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction. Germany: Wiley.
  • Twyman, R., Primrose, S. B. (2013). Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics. Germany: Wiley.
  • Krebs, J. E., Kilpatrick, S. T., Goldstein, E. S. (2017). Lewin's GENES XII. Japan: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

References: 

e-Resources:

Journals:

  • Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. (Springer)
  • Plant Cell Reports (Springer)
  • In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant (Springer)
  • Plant Science (Elsevier)
  • Plant Biotechnology Journal (Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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