Practical

BOT 321: Plant Systematics

• Field visit to identify various life forms & species constituting the local flora.
• Study of representative / available members of the families mentioned in the syllabus.
• Collection and drying of specimen to prepare herbaria.
• To study problems in numerical taxonomy.
• To retrieve literature using GIS

BOT 322: Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

• L-S root and shoot tip to study cytohistological zonation.
• Anatomy of primary and secondary growth in monocot and dicot root & stem.
• Study of growth rings in wood. Microscopic study of wood in T.S, T.L.S and R.L.S.
• Anatomy of monocot and dicot leaf.
• Study of various types of stomata in leaf epidermal peels.
• Study of different pollination mechanism in flowers.
• Test of self incompatibility using field pollinations.
• Emasculation and bagging technique to prevent self fertilization.
• Structure of anther and pollen grains with special reference to microsporangium wall features.
• Pollen viability using in vitro pollen germination.
• Structure of different types of ovules and embryo sacs.
• Study of endosperm and embryo.
• To study germination of seeds, both dormant and non-dormant.

BOT 323: Tools and Techniques of Modern Research

• Demonstration of simple and compound microscope
• Demonstration of methods of histology of tissue- dehydration, sectioning, mounting
• Demonstration of following immunotechniques- ELISA, RIA, Ouchterlony.
• Demonstration of SDS-PAGE, HPLC
• Demonstration of following Microbiological techniques- Sterilization, Pure culture techniques, Haemocytometer, Staining Techniques.
• Demonstration of gel electrophoresis.

BOT 324: Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics-

• Media preparation, sterilization and inoculation of given material.
• Growth characteristics of E.coli using plating and turbidimetric methods.
• Isolation of plasmid from E.coli by alkaline lyses method and its quantization spectrophotometrically.
• Restriction digestion of the plasmid and estimation of the size of various DNA fragments.
• Cloning of a DNA fragment in plasmid vector, transformation of the given bacterial population and selection recombinants.
• Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using appropriate explants and preparation of artificial seeds.
• Isolation of protoplast from various plant tissues and testing their viability.
• Effect of physical and chemical factors protoplast yield.
• Demonstration of protoplast fusion employing PEG.
• Demonstration of DNA sequencing using Sanger’s dideoxy method.
• Demonstration of micro techniques for plant cultures.
• Co-cultivation of the plant material with Agrobacterium and study GUS activity histochemically.