Practical

Paper Code:

BOT 225

Credits:

Contact Hours:

60.00

Max. Marks:

100.00

Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera : Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella , Isoetes , Equisetum ,Ophioglossum , Marsilea. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Cycas, Ginkgo , Abies, Pinus, Picea , Taxus, Cryptomeria, Araucaria , Cephalotaxus, Cupressus, Podocarpus, Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum
Study of the following genera : Rhynia, Horneophyton, Lyginopteris, Medullosa, Neuropteris, Glossopteris.

To determine minimum number of quadrats required for reliable estimate of biomass in grasslands.
To study the frequency of herbacious species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkair's standard frequency diagram/
To estimate importance value index for grassland species on the basis of relative frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.
To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.
To measure the above ground plant biomass in a grassland.
To determine Kemps constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area index of a grassland community.
To determine diversity indices (richness, simpson, Shannon weinner) in grazed and protected grassland.
To estimate bulk density and particle density of grassland and woodland soils.
To determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland soil.
To study the vegetation structure through profile diagram.
To estimate transparency, pH, and temperature of different water bodies.
To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.
To estimate salinity of different water samples.
To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted sites.
To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species

BOT 223: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry I

Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by using potato osmometer.
Demonstration of phenomenon of imbibition.
Demonstration of the stomatal transpiration by four leaves method.
To demonstrate that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis by inverted funnel method.
To demonstrate that CO₂ , water, light and chlorophyll are essential for photosynthesis by ‘Moll’s half leaf’ experiment.
To determine the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio in C₃and C₄ plants.
Isolation of intact chloroplasts and estimation of chloroplast proteins by spot protein assay.
Extraction of chloroplast pigments from leaves and preparation of the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls and carotenoids.
To demonstrate photophosphorylation in intact chloroplasts, resolve the phosphoproteins by SDS-PAGE and perform autoradiography.
To determine the value of RQ of different respiratory substrates using Ganong’s respirometer.
Demonstration of respiratory enzymes in plant tissues.
Demonstration of the substrate inducibility of the enzyme nitrate reductase.
Measurement of growth using auxanometer.
To study the effect of plant growth regulators on plant growth.

BOT 224: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry - II

To separate the given mixture of dyes using paper chromatography.
To separate the given mixture of amino acids using thin - layer chromatography.
To separate the given mixture of pigments using thin – layer chromatography.
Principles of colorimetry and spectrophotometry.
To estimate the conc. of protein using Folin’s reagent.
To estimate the conc. of protein using Biuret reagent.
Desalting of proteins by gel filtration chromatography , employing SephadexG-25.
Preparation of the standard curve of protein (BSA) and estimation of the protein content in extracts of plant material by Lowry’s or Bradford’s method.
Effect of time and enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction of enzyme (e.g. acid phosphatase ).
Effect of substrate concentration on activity of any enzyme and determination of its Km value.
Microchemical tests for the following – Cellulose, Cutin, Suberin, Lignin, Latex, Glucose, Sucrose, Proteins, Fats, Starch.
Phytochemical tests for – Alkaloids, Terpenes, Tannins and Anthocyanins

Academic Year: