Coming soon
Practical
Course Objective:
- To demonstrate procedural knowledge that creates different types of professionals in the field of Botany like in research and development, teaching government and public services.
Course Outcomes (Cos):
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Course |
Course Outcome |
Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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BOT 225 |
Practical |
CO48: Students will be capable to develop practical knowledge about micro-preparation and observation of permanent slides of genera. CO49: Familiar with the methods of fossilization and fossil plants CO50: Ecological field study-Quadrats and Line transect methods of vegetation study. CO51: Learn about the various methods of soil analysis, identification of various ions. Acquire knowledge on the physiological functions of plants. CO52: Basic understanding of the physiological mechanisms of plants. CO53: The student acquires a general knowledge of the physical, chemical properties and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in living system. CO54: The student knows basic knowledge of the biological importance of the biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid and enzymes.
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Substantial laboratory-based practical component and experiments Technology-enabled learning Field-based learning Project-based learning
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Practical assignments and laboratory reports Observation of practical skills Individual and group project reports
Viva voce interviews are majorly adopted assessment methods
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- Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes, Equisetum,Ophioglossum , Marsilea and any available fern.
Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Cycas, Ginkgo , Abies, Pinus, Picea , Taxus, Cryptomeria, Araucaria , Cephalotaxus, Cupressus, Podocarpus, Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum
- Study of the following genera: Rhynia, Horneophyton, Lyginopteris, Medullosa, Neuropteris, Glossopteris.
- To determine minimum number of quadrats required for reliable estimate of biomass in grasslands.
- To study the frequency of herbacious species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkair's standard frequency diagram/
- To estimate importance value index for grassland species on the basis of relative frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.
- To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.
- To measure the above ground plant biomass in a grassland.
- To determine Kemps constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area index of a grassland community.
- To determine diversity indices (richness, simpson, Shannon weinner) in grazed and protected grassland.
- To estimate bulk density and particle density of grassland and woodland soils.
- To determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland soil.
- To study the vegetation structure through profile diagram.
- To estimate transparency, pH, and temperature of different water bodies.
- To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.
- To estimate salinity of different water samples.
- To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted sites.
- To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species
- Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by using potato osmometer.
- Demonstration of phenomenon of imbibition.
- Demonstration of the stomatal transpiration by four leaves method.
- To demonstrate that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis by inverted funnel method.
- To demonstrate that CO2, water, light and chlorophyll are essential for photosynthesis by ‘Moll’s half leaf’ experiment.
- To determine the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio in C3 and C4 plants.
- Isolation of intact chloroplasts and estimation of chloroplast proteins by spot protein assay.
- Extraction of chloroplast pigments from leaves and preparation of the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls and carotenoids.
- To demonstrate photophosphorylation in intact chloroplasts, resolve the phosphoproteins by SDS-PAGE and perform autoradiography.
- To determine the value of RQ of different respiratory substrates using Ganong’s respirometer.
- Demonstration of respiratory enzymes in plant tissues.
- Demonstration of the substrate inducibility of the enzyme nitrate reductase.
- Measurement of growth using auxanometer.
- To study the effect of plant growth regulators on plant growth.
- To separate the given mixture of dyes using paper chromatography.
- To separate the given mixture of amino acids using thin - layer chromatography.
- To separate the given mixture of pigments using thin – layer chromatography.
- Principles of colorimetry and spectrophotometry.
- To estimate the conc. of protein using Folin’s reagent.
- To estimate the conc. of protein using Biuret reagent.
- Desalting of proteins by gel filtration chromatography, employing SephadexG-25.
- Preparation of the standard curve of protein (BSA) and estimation of the protein content in extracts of plant material by Lowry’s or Bradford’s method.
- Effect of time and enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction of enzyme (e.g. acid phosphatase).
- Effect of substrate concentration on activity of any enzyme and determination of its Km value.
- Microchemical tests for the following – Cellulose, Cutin, Suberin, Lignin, Latex, Glucose, Sucrose, Proteins, Fats, Starch.
- Phytochemical tests for – Alkaloids, Terpenes, Tannins and Anthocyanins
