Plant Physiology and Biochemistry II

Paper Code: 
BOT 224
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To study the various biochemical pathways in plants and to study the structure of various biomolecules.
  2. To enhance the knowledge on physiology and biochemical aspects through series of experiments
  3. To dissipate facts on the fundamental aspects of biochemical interactions specific to plants

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

     Course

Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

BOT 224

 
Plant Physiology & Biochemistry II

 

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CO44:  Study the structure and properties of Macromolecules

CO45: Describe and illustrate pathways for biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites.

CO46: Focus on Enzyme activation, catalysis, and enzyme action

CO47: Map biosynthesis pathways of tannins, phenols and nitrogenous compounds.

CO48:  Develop an understanding of recent developments of biosynthesis of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

Class lectures

Seminars

Tutorials

Group discussions and Workshops

Question preparation

 

 

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates: Classification, catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, Chemistry, conformation and functions of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins including starch, cellulose and pectins.                                                                                                                                            

12.00
Unit II: 
Proteins

Proteins: Structure of protein: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, Ramachandran plot, techniques of protein purification, ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, protein folding, Protein sequencing: chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of protein to peptides, composition and sequence analysis of proteins: N and C terminal analysis.

Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen fixation, importance of nitrate reductase and its regulation, Nod factor,  nif and nod genes, glutamate D dehydrogenase reaction.                                                                                                  

12.00
Unit III: 
Fat Metabolism & Vitamins

Fat metabolism: Introduction, classes of lipids, lipid structure, metabolism of lipids, and function of derived lipids: phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, plasmalogens and glycerolipids.

Vitamins: Biochemistry and function of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D vitamin E and vitamin K, clinical aspect of vitamin deficiency.  

12.00
Unit IV: 
Enzymes

Enzymes: Introduction to enzyme, classification, regulation of enzyme activity, mechanism of action, enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten equation, coenzymes, isozymes, ribozymes and abzymes.  

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Secondary Metabolites

Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis and functions of secondary metabolites with special reference to alkaloids, tannins, lignins, sapogenins, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins.  

 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., Stryer, L., Gatto, G. J. (2019). Biochemistry. United States: W.H. Freeman/McMillan Learning.
  • Buchanan, B.B; Gruissem, W and Jones, R.L. (2000). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists. Maryland, USA
  • Srivastava, H.N. (2006). Pradeep’s Botany Vol. V. Pradeep Publications, Jalandhar
  • Voet, D. and Voet, J. (2010). Biochemistry (2nd edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.
  • Mohr, H. and Schopfer, P. 1995. Plant Physiology. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
  • Lehninger. (2017). Principles of Biochemistry. Wadsworth Publishing Co. California, USA.
  • Hegde, P.H. (2005). Text Book of Biochemistry. Mohit Publications, New Delhi.
  • Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C.1999.Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Lesk, A.M. (2010). Introduction to Protein Architecture. Oxford University Press, UK
  • Mathews, C.K; van Holde, K.E and Ahern, K.G. (2003). Biochemistry. Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Montgomery, R; Conway, T.W and Spector, A.A. 1996. Biochemistry: A Case Oriented Approach (5th edition). The CV Mosby Co., Toronto.

 

Suggested Readings:

  • Wilson, K. and Walker, J. (Eds.) (2010). Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (6th edition). Cambridge University Press
  • Sands, M. K. (1975). Problems in Plant Physiology. United Kingdom: Murray.
  • Thimmaiah, S.R. (2004). Standard Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Kalyani Publishers.
  • Trehan, K. (1990). Biochemistry (2nd edition.). New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
  • West, E.S., Todd, W.R., Mason, H.S. and Bruggen, J.T.V. (1974). Textbook of Biochemistry (4th edition). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Zubay, G.L.; Parson, W.W. and Vance, D.E. (1995). Principles of Biochemistry.
  • Jain, J. L., Jain, S., Jain, N., (2016). Cell Biology (Cytology, Biomolecules and Molecular Biology).  India: S CHAND & Company Limited.

 

References: 

e-Recourses:

 

Journals:

  • Annual Review of Biochemistry (Annual Reviews, US)
  • Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Canadian Science Publishing)
  • Journal of Biochemistry (Oxford University Press)
  • Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Springer, India)
  • Journal of Experimental Plant Biology (Oxford University Press)
  • Journal of Experimental Botany (Oxford University Press)

 

Academic Year: 
2023-2024
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