Plant Physiology and Biochemistry I

Paper Code: 
BOT 223
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To study the vital activities in plant and study of various metabolic activities in plants
  2. To know about absorption, translocation and utilization of water and other minerals
  3. To understand changes during growth process (germination to senescence)
  4. To understand various photosynthetic and respiratory cycles
  5.  To gain knowledge on biomolecules
  6.  To study the behavior of plants under various environmental conditions
  7. To provide in depth understanding on the various laws governing the physiology of plants.
  8. To enhance the knowledge on physiology and biochemical aspects through series of experiments

Course Outcomes (COs):

     Course

Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

BOT 223

 
Plant Physiology & Biochemistry I

 

Upon completion of this course the students will be able to:

CO38:  Understand the process and significance of Photosynthesis, Respiration and Nitrogen metabolism

CO39: Learn about Sensory photobiology and know about the Plant Growth hormones (Auxins, Gibberellins. Cytokinins, Ethylene)

CO40: Associate and apply with the mechanistic view on plant environment interactions.

CO41:  Impart an insight into the various plant water relations with respect to various physiological processes. Take students to higher levels of learning about the mineral nutrition in plants and explain chemical properties and deficiency symptoms in plants

CO42: Acquire a pervasive understanding on the kingdoms of biomolecules, metabolites and pathways that are the prerequisites and consequences of physiological phenomenon for further manipulations.

CO43:  Develop hands on skills and techniques related to plant physiology so that they can design their own experiments

Class lectures

Seminars

Tutorials

Group discussions and Workshops

Question preparation

 

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Plant-Water relations

Plant-Water relations and Membrane transport: Soil water, diffusion and osmosis (DPD, OP, TP, and Water Potential), imbibition, Plasmolysis, ascent of sap, transpiration: stomatal structure, mechanism and significance of transpiration.

Mineral Nutrition: Role of micro and macro elements, ion uptake: chelating agents, siderophores

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments , absorption and action spectrum, photo-oxidation, non-cyclic and cyclic transportation of electrons, proton gradient and photophosphorylation, Calvin cycle, structure of RUBISCO and regulation of its activity, control of Calvin cycle , C4 pathway and its significance, CAM pathway, differences between C3 and C4 plants and photorespiration.

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Respiration

Respiration: Anaerobic and aerobic respiration, fermentation, Respiratory Quotients, glycolysis, regulation of glycolysis, regulation of TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glyoxylate pathway, gluconeogenesis.   Phloem transport: Mechanism of phloem transport and translocation of sugars.          

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Signal Transduction

Signal transduction: Receptors: ion channel, G-proteins and enzyme linked, calcium-calmodulin cascade, signal transduction mechanisms with special reference to plant growth regulators

Stress physiology: Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant defense mechanisms against water stress, salinity stress, metal toxicity, freezing and heat stress, Role of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid

            

12.00
Unit V: 
Growth and Development

Growth and Development: Plant growth regulators - Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene, – chemistry, biosynthesis, bioassay, mechanism of action and their physiological roles.

Photobiology: Phytochromes– their discovery, physiological roles and mechanism of action, Physiology of flowering: Photoperiodism and Vernalization.        

 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Devlin, R.M., & Witham, F.H. (1987). Plant physiology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth.
  • Mukherji, S., & Ghosh, A.K. (2020). Plant Physiology. La Vergne: New Central Book Agency.
  • Hopkins, W.G., Hüner, N.P.A. (2009). Introduction to plant physiology. Honduras: Wiley.
  • Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., Murphy, A. S., (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. United States: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated, Publishers.
  • Salisbury, F.B., & Ross, C.W. (2009). Plant physiology. Australia: Cengage Learning.
  • Lawlor, D.W. (2001). Photosynthesis: Molecular, physiological and environmental processes. Harlow: Longman scientific & technical.
  •  Kuila A. (2022). Plant Stress Biology: Progress and prospects of genetic engineering: Apple Academic Press Inc.

 

 

References: 

Suggested Readings:

  • Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C. (1999). Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Mohr, H., & Schopfer, P. (2011). Plant Physiology. Berlin: Springer.
  • Pandey, S.N., & Sinha, B.K. (2018). Plant Physiology. Noida: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
  • Sands, M.K. (1988). Problems in Plant Physiology. London: John Murray.
  • Srivastava, H.S. (2005). Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Meerut: Rastogi Publications.
  • Verma, S.K. & Verma, M. (2013). A Textbook of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology: New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.
  • Stewart, P., & Globig, S. (2012). Plant Physiology. Toronto: Apple Academic Press.
  • Verma, V. (2009). Textbook of Plant Physiology. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
  • Verma, V. (2016). Plant Physiology. U.K: Athena Academic.
  • Parashar, A.N., & Bhatia, K.N. (1994). Plant Physiology. Jalandhar city: Trueman Book Co.
  • Willey, N. (2018). Environmental Plant Physiology. United States: CRC Press.
  • Jain, V.K. (2000). Fundamental of Plant Physiology. India: S. Chand Limited.
  • Kochhar, S.L., Gujral, S.K. (2020). Plant Physiology: Theory and Applications. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bhatla, S.C.A. & Lal, M. (2018). Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Germany: Springer Singapore.
  • Taiz, L and Lincoln, E. (2010). Plant Physiology. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi
  • Galston, A.W. (1994). Life Processes in Plants. Scientific American Library.

e-Resources:

 

Journals:

  • Plant Physiology (American Society of Plant Biologists)
  • Journal of Plant Physiology (Elsevier)
  • Annual Review of Plant Physiology (Annual Reviews, US)
  • Physiologia Plantarum (Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society, Wiley Blackwell)

 

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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