Plant Anatomy and Embryology

Paper Code: 
BOT401
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

The course aims studying not only morphology, structure and development of flowering plants but their practical and experimental aspects also.

Unit I: 
Plant anatomy

Classification of meristems; Meristems and permanent tissue: Simple tissues, complex tissues and secretory tissues; Histological organization of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem.

Unit II: 
Plant Development

Origin, structure and function of cambium; Primary and secondary structure of root and stem, anomalous secondary growth (Bignonia, Boerhaavia, Leptadenia and Nyctanthes), periderm, lenticels, origin of lateral roots; Origin, structure and development of leaf, branching and its patterns.

 

Unit III: 
Embryology I

Structure of anthers, microsporogenesis, role of tapetum, pollination, pollen germination, pollen tube growth. Megasporogenesis, ovule development, types of ovules, development and types of embryo sacs, embryo sac cells, and double fertilization, in vitro fertilization. 

 

Unit IV: 
Embryology II

Endosperm: structure, types and development, Embryogenesis: the zygote, Types of embyogeny, embryo development in dicotyledons and monocotyledons, nutrition of embryo.

 

Unit V: 
Seed

Polyembryony, apomixes; Development and structure of seed coat, seed dormancy (primary and secondary) and causes of seed dormancy and methods to break seed dormancy. Specialized structures related to seed: caruncle, aril and operculum.

(9 Hours)

 

 

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Bhatnagar. 2002. The Embryology of Angiosperms. Vikas Publishing House.
  • Bhojwani, SS and Bhatnagar, SP 2000. The Embryology of Angiosperms, 4th revised and enlarged edition, Vikas Publication House, New Delhi.
  • Cutter, EG 1969, Part I Cells and Tissues, Edward Arnold, London
  • Cutter, EG 1971, Plant Anatomy: Experiment and Interpretation PartII, Organs, Edward Arnold, London
  • Eames. 1997. An Introduction to Plant Anatomy (2nd edition). Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Fahn, A. 1982. Plant Anatomy (3rd edition). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
  • Vasishtha, BR. 1997. Plant Anatomy. S. Nagin & Co.

 

 

References: 
  • Esau, K 1977, Anatomy of Seed Plants, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Grewal, RC. 2000. Plant Anatomy. Campus Books International, New Delhi.
  • Hartmann, HT and Kestler, DE 1976. Plant propagation: Principles and Practices, 3rd edition Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
  • Leins, P; Tucker, SC and Endress, PK. 1988. Aspects of  Floral Development. J. Cramer, Germany.
  • Maheshwari. An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Pandey, BP. 2002. Plant Anatomy. 6th Rev. S. Chand & Co., Delhi.
  • Raghavan, V. 1997. Molecular Embryology of Flowering plants. Cambridge University press. Cambridge, UK.
  • Proctor, M and Yeo, P. 1973. The Pollination of Flowers. Witham Collins Sons, London.
  • Raghavan, V. 1999. Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Raven, PH; Evrt, RF and Eichhom, S. 1992. Biology of Plants (5th edition). Worth, New York.

 

   

 

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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