Plant Anatomy and Embryology

Paper Code: 
BOT 401
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

The course aims studying not only morphology, structure and development of flowering plants but their practical and experimental aspects also.

10.00
Unit I: 

Plant anatomy:  Simple and complex permanent tissues; primary and secondary structure of root, stem and leaf: general account of their structure and their roles, anomalous secondary growth (Bignonia, Boerhaavia, Leptadenia and Nyctanthes), cambium, periderm, lenticels, secretory ducts and laticifers.

8.00
Unit II: 

Plant Development:  Histological organization of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem, origin and development of leaf, types of root system, origin of lateral roots, root hair; branching and its patterns.

8.00
Unit III: 

Embryology I:  Structure of anthers, microsporogenesis, role of tapetum, pollination, pollen germination, pollen tube growth . Megasporogenesis, ovule development, types of ovules, development and types of embryo sacs, embryo sac cells, and double fertilization, in vitro fertilization.

11.00
Unit IV: 

Embryology II:  Endosperm: structure, types and development, Embryogenesis: the zygote, laws of embryogenesis, embryo development in dicotyledons and monocotyledons, nutrition of embryo, polyembryony, apomixis.

8.00
Unit V: 

Seed: Development and structure of seed in monocotyledons and dicotyledons, suspended animation:seed dormancy (primary and secondary) causes of seed dormancy.

Essential Readings: 
  1. Bhatnagar. 2002. The Embryology of Angiosperms. Vikas Publishing House.
  2. Bhojwani, SS and Bhatnagar, SP 2000. The Embryology of Angiosperms, 4th revised and enlarged edition, Vikas Publication House, New Delhi.
  3. Cutter, EG 1969, Part I Cells and Tissues, Edward Arnold, London
  4. Cutter, EG 1971, Plant Anatomy: Experiment and Interpretation PartII, Organs, Edward Arnold, London
  5. Eames. 1997. An Introduction to Plant Anatomy (2nd edition). Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  6. Fahn, A. 1982. Plant Anatomy (3rd edition). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
  7. Vasishtha, BR. 1997. Plant Anatomy. S. Nagin & Co.
     
References: 
  1. Esau, K 1977, Anatomy of Seed Plants, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  2. Grewal, RC. 2000. Plant Anatomy. Campus Books International, New Delhi.
  3. Hartmann, HT and Kestler, DE 1976. Plant propagation: Principles and Practices, 3rd edition Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
  4. Leins, P; Tucker, SC and Endress, PK. 1988. Aspects of  Floral Development. J. Cramer, Germany.
  5. Maheshwari. An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  6. Pandey, BP. 2002. Plant Anatomy. 6th Rev. S. Chand & Co., Delhi.
  7. Raghavan, V. 1997. Molecular Embryology of Flowering plants. Cambridge University press. Cambridge, UK.
  8. Proctor, M and Yeo, P. 1973. The Pollination of Flowers. Witham Collins Sons, London.
  9. Raghavan, V. 1999. Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  10. Raven, PH; Evrt, RF and Eichhom, S. 1992. Biology of Plants (5th edition). Worth, New York.
     
Academic Year: 
2018-2019
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