MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

Paper Code: 
24DBOT703
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To provide knowledge about the intricacies of life processes at the molecular and cellular level.
  2. To impart knowledge in theory and practice about cell structure, functions and various associated proteins.
  3. To study the modern theoretical and practical aspects of Cytogenetics.
  4. To develop understanding of the tools of genetics and physical mapping.

 

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning Outcome

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course title

24DBOT703

 

 

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

 

CO71: Critically analyse structures and purposes of basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and student will gain a comprehensive understanding of structure and function of macromolecules, membranes, Plasmodesmata and vacuole

CO72: Understand the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis, the transcription factor as well as learning how these interactions are regulated.

CO73: Critically evaluate and analyse the mechanisms of protein sorting in the cell with special refence to endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast and develop an insight into intracellular structural and motor proteins associated with the cytoskeleton and the latest Research & Development in this field.

CO74: Student understand and evaluate the roles of checkpoints, Cyclin, Cdks, and MPF in cell cycle control. They will abstract and categorize responses of cell to environmental or physiological changes, or alterations of functions brought about by mutation.

CO75: Apply and understand various methods of Genetic mapping by using genetic markers-RFLP, RAPD, SNPs and understand the role of Restriction mapping, STS mapping and FISH in physical mapping.

CO76: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

Learning activities for the student:

Self-learning assignment, Effective questions, Stimulation, Seminar presentation

Class tests, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments presentations on, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Cell Wall

Dynamic structure, functions and biogenesis of cell wall; Plasma membrane: Structure, membrane proteins, membrane dynamics (trans bilayer movement, FRAP), transport of molecules (passive diffusion, ion channels and pumps, active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis and endocytosis)   

Plasmodesmata: Structure, functions, comparison with gap junctions.

Chloroplast: Structure, biogenesis, genome organization and nucleochloroplastic interactions

                                                                                                                    

12.00
Unit II: 
Nucleus

Structure, nuclear pore complex, nucleolus and RNA processing Chromatin organization: Chromosome structure, packaging of DNA (nucleosome organization, solenoid model), molecular organization of centromere and telomere, SMC proteins-Cohesin and Condensin proteins, cot curve, Repetitive DNA.

12.00
Unit III: 
The Cytoskeleton

Structure and organization of actin filaments, role of actin and myosin in cell movement, intermediate filaments, organization of microtubules, microtubules motors and movement and cytoskeletal accessory proteins.

Protein sorting and transport: Targeting of proteins in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast and the mechanism of vesicular transport.

12.00
Unit IV: 
Cell Cycle

Phases of cell cycle, cell cycle check points, families of cyclins and cyclins dependent kinases, DNA damage checkpoints, Cdk1/Cyclin B and progression to metaphase, progression to anaphase, cytokinesis and cell plate formation

Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death: events of apoptosis, caspases, Bcl-2 family, regulation of apoptosis.  

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Molecular Cytogenetics

Genetic mapping, genetic markers-RFLP, RAPD, SNPs.                                                  Physical mapping- Restriction mapping, STS mapping and FISH

 

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Bell, S. P., Baker, T. A., Watson, J. D. (2008). Molecular Biology of the Gene. United Kingdom: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
  • Hunt, T., Wilson, J. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell 6E - The Problems Book. United States: W.W. Norton.    
  • Watson, J. D. (2004). Molecular Biology of the Gene. India: Pearson Education. 
  • Amon, A., Bretscher, A., Kaiser, C. A., Lodish, H., Berk, A., Martin, K. C., Krieger, M., Ploegh, H. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology. United Kingdom: W. H. Freeman.
  • Sinha and Sinha. (2015). Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Goldstein, E. S., Kilpatrick, S. T., Krebs, J. E. (2017). Lewin's GENE XII. Japan: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Brown, T., Brown, T. A. (2012). Introduction to Genetics: A Molecular Approach. United Kingdom: Garland Science.
  • Russell, P. J. (2010). Genetics: a molecular approach. United Kingdom: Benjamin Cummings.
  • Singh, A., Singh, B. (2016). Marker-Assisted Plant Breeding: Principles and Practices: Springer India.
  • Gupta, P.K., Tsuchiya, T. (2012). Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution.  Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
  • Sinha and Sinha. (2015). Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Goldstein, E. S., Kilpatrick, S. T., Krebs, J. E. (2017). Lewin's GENE XII. Japan: Jones & Bartlett Learning
References: 
  • Lewis, J., Hopkin, K., Walter, P., Johnson, A. D., Bray, D., Alberts, B., Roberts, K., Raff, M. (2013). Essential Cell Biology. United States: CRC Press. 
  • Buchann, B.B., Gruissem, W., Jones, R.L. (2015). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. (2015). United Kingdom: Wiley.
  • Iwasa, J., Marshall, W., Karp, G. (2018). Karp's Cell Biology. Singapore: Wiley.
  • Karp, G. (2013). Cell Biology. Philippines: Wiley.
  • Roberts, K., Watson, J. D., Alberts, B., Wilson, J. H., Hunt. Raff, M., Lewis, J., BRay, D. (1989). Molecular Biology of the Cell. Egypt: Garland Publishers
  • Pazdernik, N. J., Clark, D. P. (2013). Molecular Biology. Germany: Elsevier Science.
  • Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2015). Principles of Genetics 7th edition; John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA.
  • Klug, W. S. (2012). Concepts of Genetics. United Kingdom: Pearson.
  • Hayward, M.D., Bosemark, N.O., Romagosa, T. (2012). Plant Breeding: Principles and Prospects.  Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.
  • Salinas, B. (2018). Plant Cytogenetics, Breeding and Evolution. United Kingdom: EDTECH.

e-Resources:

Journals:                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  • Journal of Molecular Biology (Elsevier).
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology, ASM (American Society for Microbiology)
  • Journal of Biology (Springer Nature)
  • Molecular Biology Reports (Springer)
  • Cytology and Genetics (Springer)
  • Cytology and Genetics (Nature)
  • Genetics Research (Hindwai)
  • Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Elsevier)      
  • Journal of Cytology (NCBI)                                                    

 

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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