Hierarchy of Lower Plants

Paper Code: 
BOT 123
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Objectives:

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To understand the evolution of different groups of lower plants and their economic importance.
  2. To acquire knowledge about the diversity of lower forms of plant kingdom.
  3. To transmit information about applied aspects of the organisms listed in the syllabus
  4. To study the specified forms in natural conditions (field trips) as well as in the laboratory.

Course Outcomes (COs):

     Course

Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

BOT123

 

Hierarchy of Lower Plants

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CO11: Develop an understanding of Algae and Bryophytes

CO12: Develop critical understanding on morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Bryophytes.

CO13:  Understanding of plant evolution and their transition to land habitat.

CO14: Apply the knowledge to economic utilisation of these life forms such as viruses, bacteria, algae in day to day life

Class lectures

Seminars

Tutorials

Group discussions and Workshops

Question preparation

 

 

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Lichens and Cyanobacteria

Lichens and Cyanobacteria                                                                        

Lichens: Classification, nature of association, distribution and types, nutrition and reproduction of lichen thalli; Role of lichens in succession, anti-microbial properties of lichens, lichens as bio indicators of air pollution, economic importance of lichens.

Cyanobacteria: Classification, structure and reproduction, origin and affinities with bacteria; economic importance and their role in improving soil fertility.

General characters, life history and economic importance of Scytonema and Rivularia

12.00
Unit II: 
Algae and Bryophytes

Algae and Bryophytes: A general account along with classification, structure, range of thallus, reproduction and evolutionary history.

Indian contributors in the field of Phycology and Bryology. A brief account of Palaeobotanical evidence of Algae and Bryophytes. 

12.00
Unit III: 
ALGAE

Algae: General characters, classification, life history and economic importance of  

Prochlorophyta: Prochloron

Chlorophyta: Chlorella, Coleochaete

Xanthophyta: Vaucheria

Phaeophyta:  Laminaria

Rhodophyta:  Ceramium

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
BRYOPHYTES

Bryophytes: general characters, classification, life history and economic importance of Hepaticopsida: Plagiochasma, Takakia Anthocerotopsida:  Notothylus; Bryopsida:  Polytrichum

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Recent Trends and Economic Importance

Recent trends in Phycology and Bryology:- Algae as a rich source of protein (SCP), algae in space, algae as biofertilizers, algal blooms, algae in food and industry, algae in pharmaceuticals and parasitic algae. Benthic algae and factors affecting their environment.

Economic Importance of Bryophytes with special reference to Ecology, as pollution indicators and in monitoring pollution, antimicrobial properties of bryophytes, geobotanical prospects.                                                                   

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Fritsch, F. E. (1977). The structure and reproduction of the algae. Cambridge, Eng: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kumar, H. D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press Private.
  • Vashishta, B.R. (2005) Bryophyta  Reprint S.Chand and Co. Limited.
  • Vashishta, B.R. (2005) Algae Reprint S.Chand and Co. Limited.
  • Morris, I. (1986). An Introduction to Algae Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK
  • Sharma, O. P. (2007). Textbook of algae. New Delhi [etc.: Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing.
  • Parihar, N. S. (1970). Bryophyta. Allahabad: Central Book depot. (Reprint)
  • Puri, P. 1980. Bryophyta. Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi.
  • Smith, Gilbert T. M. (1955). Cryptogamic botany. New York [U.A.]: McGraw-Hill.

 

 

 

References: 

 

  • Verma, J. P., Jayaraman, J. (2002). Fundamentals of Plant Bacteriology. India: Kalyani.
  • Pandey, BP and Trivedi, P.S. 1998. A Text Book of Algae. Vikas Publishing House.
  • Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., & Case, C. L. (2021). Microbiology: An introduction. Harlow : Pearson education Limited, [2021]
  • Round, F E. 1986. The Biology of Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  • Jain , Singh, Pande ; 2014. A Textbook of Botany;  Rastogi Publications

e-Resources:

 

Journals:

  • Algal Research (Elsevier)
  • International Journal on Algae (Begell House)
  • Journal of Phycology (Phycological Society of America)
  • Journal of Bryology(Taylor-Francis)
  • Advances in Research with Bryophytes(MDPI)

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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