Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

Paper Code: 
25BOT322
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To impart knowledge about not only morphology, structure and development of flowering plants but also at their practical and experimental aspects as they are most sought after areas of modern research.
  2. To enhance the fundamental knowledge about living cells and their systematic up gradation in to the tissue level.
  3. To study the differentiation features of internal structure of the plant body.
  4. To obtain a thorough knowledge about the life cycle of higher plants and study special phenomena related to their development.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

 Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

25BOT

322

 

Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

 

CO77:  Maximize their knowledge about histological organization of root & shoot meristems and their secondary structures

CO78:  Understand the structural details and development of leaf and flower to build the concept of genetic and molecular aspects of their development.

CO79:  Determine the structure & development of male and female gametophyte and vital plant processes like fertilization and pollination.

CO80:  Propose solutions to problems of self-incompatibility faced by the geneticists and plant breeders by understanding various stages of plant development.

CO81:  Evaluate the causes of polyembryony, apomixes, and plan culture experiments related to embryo, nucellus and ovules.

CO82: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching:

Active learning, group Discussions, Reading assignments,

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective question, Collaborative projects

 

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Development of Root & Shoot

Root: Organization of root apical meristem, origin of lateral roots.

Shoot: Histological organization of shoot apical meristem; Differentiation of xylem and phloem; root-stem transition, branching and its patterns, nodal anatomy, Secondary structure of root and stem, secondary growth and development of wood, periderm, lenticels.         

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Leaf & Floral Evocation

Leaf: Structure of monocot and dicot leaf, leaf development: initiation of leaf primordia, growth, variations in developmental pattern, differentiation of mesophyll, development of vascular tissues; role of auxins in leaf development, stomata; abscission of leaf.

Floral Evocation: Vegetative to floral evocation; floral organ differentiation; homeotic mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum.

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Flower

A modified reproductive shoot; microsporangium, morphology and development of male gametophyte; megasporangium, megasporogenesis and formation of female gametophyte; pollination; fertilization (in vivo & in vitro).

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Incompatibility, Endosperm & Embryo

Structural, genetic and biochemical aspects of incompatibility, biological significance of incompatibility; development and types of endosperm; ruminate endosperm; nutritional behavior of endosperm; monocot & dicot embryo; types of embryogenesis; development of seed and fruit.

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony and Apomixis

Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony and Apomixis, types and practical applications; haploid production; embryo culture, culture of differentiated and mature embryos; nucellus, ovule, endosperm and seed culture.

 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

  • Bhojwani, S.S., Bhatnagar, S.P. and Dantu, P.K. (2018). The Embryology of Angiosperms, 6th Edition. India: Vikas Publishing House.
  • Eichhorn, S.E., and Evert, R.F. (2006). Esau's Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function, and Development. United States: Wiley.
  • Esau, K. (2006). Anatomy of Seed Plants, 2nd Ed. . India: Wiley India Pvt. Limited.
  • Pandey, S.N., Chadha, A. (2009). Plant Anatomy and Embryology. India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Limited.
  • Raghavan, V. (1997). Molecular embryology of flowering plants. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Suggested Readings:

  • Amram, E., Tom, B., (2013). Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Fourth Edition.  United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
  • Maiti, R., Prakash, S., Rajkumar, D., Ramaswamy, A.V. (2012). Crop Plant Anatomy. United Kingdom: CABI.
  • Rudall, P.J. (2007). Anatomy of Flowering Plants: An Introduction to Structure and Development. (n.p.): Cambridge University Press.
  • Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Third Edition. (2002). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
  • Experimental Embryology of Vascular Plants. (2012). Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Mavrodiev, E., Judd, W., Chase, M. W., Soltis, D., Majure, L., Endress, P., Manchester, S., Soltis, P. (2018). Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms: Revised and Updated Edition. United Kingdom: University of Chicago Press.
References: 

e-Resources:

 

Journals:

  • Journal of Embryology and Developmental Biology (SciMed Central)
  • Journal of Plant Anatomy and Morphology (Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur)
  • Journal of Plant Research (Springer).

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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