BOTANY LAB III

Paper Code: 
25BOT325
Credits: 
8
Contact Hours: 
240.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To acquire skills and knowledge that create different types of professionals in the field of Botany like in research and development, teaching government and public services. 

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

25BOT 325

 

BOTANY LAB III

 

CO95:  Develop holistic competencies viv-a-vis verbal and communication skills, which will promote curiosity, innovation, and a passion for research including critical thinking

CO96:  Plan and implement procedures leading to field study of a floristic-rich area to collect the plants from their natural habitat. 

Develop skills in immune techniques and histology & interpret the anatomical details of root, shoot, and seed floral development.

CO97:  To study basic principles and procedures of Tools and Techniques of Plant Sciences and acquire knowledge and hands on training in the field of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics.

CO98:  Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

 

Substantial laboratory-based practical component and experiments

Technology-enabled learning

Field-based learning

Project-based learning

 

Practical assignments and laboratory reports

Observation of practical skills

Individual and group project reports

 

Viva voce interviews are majorly adopted assessment methods

 

 

 

Unit I: 
25BOT321: Plant Systematics
  • Field visit to identify various life forms & species constituting the local flora.
  • Study of representative / available members of the families mentioned in the syllabus.
  • Collection and drying of specimen to prepare herbaria.
  • ​To study problems in numerical taxonomy.
  • ​To retrieve literature using GIS

 

Unit II: 
25BOT322: Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

  • L.S. root and shoot tip to study cytohistological zonation.

  • Anatomy of primary and secondary growth in monocot and dicot root & stem.

  • Study of growth rings in wood. Microscopic study of wood in T.S, T.L.S and R.L.S.

  • Anatomy of monocot and dicot leaf.

  • Study of various types of stomata in leaf epidermal peels.

  • Study of different pollination mechanism in flowers.

  • Test of self-incompatibility using field pollinations.

  • Emasculation and bagging technique to prevent self-fertilization.

  • Structure of anther and pollen grains with special reference to microsporangium wall features.

  • Pollen viability using in vitro pollen germination.

  • Structure of different types of ovules and embryo sacs.

  • Study of endosperm and embryo.

  • To study germination of seeds, both dormant and non-dormant

  • To study polyembryony in orange seeds.

 

Unit III: 
25BOT323: Techniques of Modern Research

  • Demonstration of simple and compound microscope

  • Demonstration of methods of histology of tissue- dehydration, sectioning, mounting

  • Demonstration of following immunotechniques- ELISA, RIA, Ouchterlony.

  • Demonstration of SDS-PAGE, HPLC

  • Demonstration of following Microbiological techniques- Sterilization, Pure culture techniques, Haemocytometer, Staining Techniques.

  • Demonstration of gel electrophoresis.

 

Unit IV: 
25BOT324: Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
  • Growth characteristics of E.coli using plating and turbidimetric methods.
  • Isolation of plasmid from E.coli by alkaline lysis method and its quantization spectrophotometrically.
  • Restriction digestion of the plasmid and estimation of the size of various DNA fragments.
  • Cloning of a DNA fragment in plasmid vector, transformation of the given bacterial population and selection recombinants.
  • Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using appropriate explants and preparation of artificial seeds.
  • Isolation of protoplast from various plant tissues and testing their viability.
  • Effect of physical and chemical factors protoplast yield.
  • Demonstration of protoplast fusion employing PEG.
  • Demonstration of DNA sequencing using Sanger’s dideoxy method.
  • Demonstration of micro techniques for plant cultures.
  • Co-cultivation of the plant material with Agrobacterium and study GUS activity histochemically.

 

 

 

Unit V: 
Scheme of Evaluation

M.Sc. Semester III

25B0T325

Scheme of Evaluation

 

Continuous Assessment

 

 

Semester End Examination

 

Component

 

Marks

 

 

Component

 

Marks

 

Test

 

10

 

Exercise based on Plant Systematics

 

 

10

 

Attendance

 

05

Exercise based on Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

 

 

10

 

Lab Interaction/Viva voce

 

05

Exercise based on  Techniques of Modern Research

10

Exercise based on Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

10

 

Practical Record

 

10

Spotting

 

10

Practical Record

 

10

 

Total

 

30

Viva voce

 

10

 

Total

 

70

 

 

Essential Readings: 

Books Recommended:

  • Chawla, H. S. (2000). Introduction to plant biotechnology. Enfield, N.H: Science Publishers.
  • Smith, J. E. (2009). Biotechnology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sambamurty, A. V. S. S. (2005). Taxonomy of angiosperms. New Delhi: I.K. International
  • Dahiya, B. S. (1979). Systematic botany: (taxonomy of angiosperms) for University Students. New Delhi: Kalyani Pub.
  • Johri, B.M., (2012). Experimental Embryology of Vascular Plants. Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Pandey, S. N., Chadha, A. (2009). Plant Anatomy and Embryology. India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Limited.
  • Wilson, K & Walker J. (2000). A Biology Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. United States: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, & Goulding, KH. ELBS edition.
  • Dabre, P.G. (2010). Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

 

References: 

e-Resources:

 

Journals:

  • Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. (Springer)
  • Plant Cell Reports (Springer)
  • In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant (Springer)
  • Plant Science (Elsevier)
  • Plant Biotechnology Journal (Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd)
  • Journal of Embryology and Developmental Biology, (SciMed Central)
  • Taxon (Journal of IAPT)

 

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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