ADVANCED PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Paper Code: 
24DBOT805
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To study the vital activities in plant and study of various metabolic activities in plants
  2. To know about absorption, translocation and utilization of water and other minerals
  3. To understand changes during growth process (germination to senescence)
  4. To understand various photosynthetic and respiratory cycles
  5.  To gain knowledge on biomolecules
  6.  To study the behavior of plants under various environmental conditions
  7. To provide in depth understanding on the various laws governing the physiology of plants.
  8. To enhance the knowledge on physiology and biochemical aspects through series of experiments

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning Outcome

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course title

24DBOT805

ADVANCED PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

 

CO116: Analyze & explore principles of plant water relations and mineral nutrition incorporating, physiological mechanisms and plant soil interactions. With this knowledge, they can design experiments to investigate responses to water stress and nutrient deficiencies & design strategies for their optimization.

CO117: Acquire an in-depth comprehension of photosynthesis, contributing to the formulation of hypotheses aimed at exploring unresolved issues surrounding photosynthesis and its influence on plant productivity.

CO118: Build comprehensive insight into plant respiration and nitrogen metabolism in plants, spanning from fundamental concepts to ecological implications, fostering critical analysis and innovations for enhanced agricultural sustainability and ecological equilibrium.

CO119: Proficiently analyze the complex mechanisms of signal transduction, receptors, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and stress physiology in plants, and develop innovative solutions to mitigate stress conditions, demonstrating advanced problem-solving skills

CO120: Attain an extensive comprehension of intricate mechanisms and advanced concepts of plant growth and development to develop innovative solutions aimed at augmenting crop productivity, promoting ecological sustainability, and bolstering global food security

CO121: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

Learning activities for the student:

Self-learning assignment, Effective questions, Stimulation, Seminar presentation

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Plant-Water relations and Membrane transport

Soil water, diffusion and osmosis (DPD, OP, TP, and Water Potential), imbibition, Plasmolysis, ascent of sap, transpiration: stomatal structure, mechanism and significance of transpiration.

Mineral Nutrition: Role of micro and macro elements, ion uptake: chelating agents, siderophores

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic pigments, absorption and action spectrum, photo-oxidation, non-cyclic and cyclic transportation of electrons, proton gradient and photophosphorylation, Calvin cycle, structure of RUBISCO and regulation of its activity, control of Calvin cycle, C4 pathway and its significance, CAM pathway, differences between C3 and C4 plants and photorespiration.

                                                  

12.00
Unit III: 
Respiration

Anaerobic and aerobic respiration, fermentation, glycolysis, regulation of glycolysis, regulation of TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation.

Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen fixation, importance of nitrate reductase and its regulation, Nod factor, nif and nod genes, glutamate D dehydrogenase  

                                                                                                                                     

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
Stress physiology

Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant defense mechanisms against water stress, salinity stress, metal toxicity, freezing and heat stress, Role of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid.

Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis and functions of secondary metabolites with special reference to alkaloids, tannins, lignins, sapogenins, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins.

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Growth and Development

Plant growth regulators - Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene, – chemistry, biosynthesis, bioassay, mechanism of action and their physiological roles.

Photobiology: Phytochromes– their discovery, physiological roles and mechanism of action, Physiology of flowering: Photoperiodism and Vernalization.        

                                                                         

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Devlin, R.M., & Witham, F.H. (1987). Plant physiology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth.
  • Mukherji, S., & Ghosh, A.K. (2020). Plant Physiology. La Vergne: New Central Book Agency.
  • Hopkins, W.G., Hüner, N.P.A. (2009). Introduction to plant physiology. Honduras: Wiley.
  • Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., Murphy, A. S., (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. United States: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated, Publishers.
  • Salisbury, F.B., & Ross, C.W. (2009). Plant physiology. Australia: Cengage Learning.
  • Lawlor, D.W. (2001). Photosynthesis: Molecular, physiological and environmental processes. Harlow: Longman scientific & technical.
  •  Kuila A. (2022). Plant Stress Biology: Progress and prospects of genetic engineering: Apple Academic Press Inc.

 

References: 
  • Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C. (1999). Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Mohr, H., & Schopfer, P. (2011). Plant Physiology. Berlin: Springer.
  • Pandey, S.N., & Sinha, B.K. (2018). Plant Physiology. Noida: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
  • Sands, M.K. (1988). Problems in Plant Physiology. London: John Murray.
  • Srivastava, H.S. (2005). Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Meerut: Rastogi Publications.
  • Verma, S.K. & Verma, M. (2013). A Textbook of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology: New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.
  • Stewart, P., & Globig, S. (2012). Plant Physiology. Toronto: Apple Academic Press.
  • Verma, V. (2009). Textbook of Plant Physiology. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
  • Verma, V. (2016). Plant Physiology. U.K: Athena Academic.
  • Parashar, A.N., & Bhatia, K.N. (1994). Plant Physiology. Jalandhar city: Trueman Book Co.
  • Willey, N. (2018). Environmental Plant Physiology. United States: CRC Press.
  • Jain, V.K. (2000). Fundamental of Plant Physiology. India: S. Chand Limited.
  • Kochhar, S.L., Gujral, S.K. (2020). Plant Physiology: Theory and Applications. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bhatla, S.C.A. & Lal, M. (2018). Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Germany: Springer Singapore.
  • Taiz, L and Lincoln, E. (2010). Plant Physiology. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi
  • Galston, A.W. (1994). Life Processes in Plants. Scientific American Library.

e-Resources:·

Journals:

  • ·       Plant Physiology (American Society of Plant Biologists)
  •         Journal of Plant Physiology (Elsevier)
  • ·        Annual Review of Plant Physiology (Annual Reviews, US)
  • ·        Physiologia Plantarum (Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society, Wiley Blackwell)

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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