·Field visit to identify various life forms & species constituting the local flora.

·Study of representative / available members of the families mentioned in the syllabus.

·Collection and drying of specimen to prepare herbaria.

·To study problems in numerical taxonomy.

· To retrieve literature using GIS

·L.S. root and shoot tip to study cytohistological zonation.

·Anatomy of primary and secondary growth in monocot and dicot root & stem.

·Study of growth rings in wood. Microscopic study of wood in T.S, T.L.S and R.L.S.

·Anatomy of monocot and dicot leaf.

·Study of various types of stomata in leaf epidermal peels.

·Study of different pollination mechanism in flowers.

·Test of self-incompatibility using field pollinations.

·Emasculation and bagging technique to prevent self-fertilization.

·Structure of anther and pollen grains with special reference to microsporangium wall features.

·Pollen viability using in vitro pollen germination.

·Structure of different types of ovules and embryo sacs.

·Study of endosperm and embryo.

·To study germination of seeds, both dormant and non-dormant

·To study polyembryony in orange seeds.

·Demonstration of simple and compound microscope

·Demonstration of methods of histology of tissue- dehydration, sectioning, mounting

·Demonstration of following immunotechniques- ELISA, RIA, Ouchterlony.

·Demonstration of SDS-PAGE, HPLC

·Demonstration of following Microbiological techniques- Sterilization, Pure culture techniques, Haemocytometer, Staining Techniques.

·Demonstration of gel electrophoresis.

·         Media preparation, sterilization and inoculation of given material.

·         Growth characteristics of E.coli using plating and turbidimetric methods.

·         Isolation of plasmid from E.coli by alkaline lysis method and its quantization spectrophotometrically.

·         Restriction digestion of the plasmid and estimation of the size of various DNA fragments.

·         Cloning of a DNA fragment in plasmid vector, transformation of the given bacterial population and selection recombinants.

·         Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using appropriate explants and preparation of artificial seeds.

·         Isolation of protoplast from various plant tissues and testing their viability.

·         Effect of physical and chemical factors protoplast yield.

·         Demonstration of protoplast fusion employing PEG.

·         Demonstration of DNA sequencing using Sanger’s dideoxy method.

·         Demonstration of micro techniques for plant cultures.

Co-cultivation of the plant material with Agrobacterium and study GUS activity histochemically.