Paper Code:

BOT 225

Credits:

8

Contact Hours:

60.00

Max. Marks:

100.00

Objective:

Course Objective:

To demonstrate procedural knowledge that creates different types of professionals in the field of Botany like in research and development, teaching government and public services

Course

Course Outcome

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

BOT 225

Practical

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CO48: Implement practical knowledge about micro-preparation and observation of permanent slides of genera.

CO50: Analyse ecological field and vegetation study.

CO51: Compare and exemplify various methods of soil analysis for identification of various ions. Acquire knowledge on the physiological functions of plants.

CO52: Acquire basic understanding of the physiological mechanisms of plants.

CO53: Describe properties (physical and chemical) and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in living system.

CO54: Acquire basic knowledge of the biological importance of the phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid and enzymes.

Substantial laboratory-based practical component and experiments

Technology-enabled learning

Field-based learning

Project-based learning

Practical assignments and laboratory reports

Observation of practical skills

Individual and group project reports

Viva voce interviews are majorly adopted assessment methods

Unit I:

BOT 221: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany

Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Marsilea and any available fern.
Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Cycas, Ginkgo , Abies, Pinus, Picea , Taxus, Cryptomeria, Araucaria , Cephalotaxus, Cupressus, Podocarpus, Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum
Study of the following genera: Rhynia, Horneophyton, Lyginopteris, Medullosa, Neuropteris, Glossopteris.

BOT 222: Environmental Science

To determine minimum number of quadrats required for reliable estimate of biomass in grasslands.
To study the frequency of herbacious species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkair's standard frequency diagram
To estimate importance value index for grassland species on the basis of relative frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.
To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.
To measure the above ground plant biomass in a grassland.
To determine Kemps constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area index of a grassland community.
To determine diversity indices (richness, Simpson, Shannon weinner) in grazed and protected grassland.
To estimate bulk density and particle density of grassland and woodland soils.
To determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland soil.
To study the vegetation structure through profile diagram.
To estimate transparency, pH, and temperature of different water bodies.
To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.
To estimate salinity of different water samples.
To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted sites.
To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species

BOT 223: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry-I

Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by using potato osmometer.
Demonstration of phenomenon of imbibition.
Demonstration of the stomatal transpiration by four leaves method.
To demonstrate that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis by inverted funnel method.
To demonstrate that CO₂, water, light and chlorophyll are essential for photosynthesis by ‘Moll’s half leaf’ experiment.
To determine the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio in C₃and C₄ plants.
Isolation of intact chloroplasts and estimation of chloroplast proteins by spot protein assay.
Extraction of chloroplast pigments from leaves and preparation of the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls and carotenoids.
To demonstrate photophosphorylation in intact chloroplasts, resolve the phosphoproteins by SDS-PAGE and perform autoradiography.
To determine the value of RQ of different respiratory substrates using Ganong’s respirometer.
Demonstration of respiratory enzymes in plant tissues.
Demonstration of the substrate inducibility of the enzyme nitrate reductase.
Measurement of growth using auxanometer.
To study the effect of plant growth regulators on plant growth.

BOT 224: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry - II

To separate the given mixture of dyes using paper chromatography.
To separate the given mixture of amino acids using thin - layer chromatography.
To separate the given mixture of pigments using thin – layer chromatography.
Principles of colorimetry and spectrophotometry.
To estimate the conc. of protein using Folin’s reagent.
To estimate the conc. of protein using Biuret reagent.
Desalting of proteins by gel filtration chromatography, employing SephadexG-25.
Preparation of the standard curve of protein (BSA) and estimation of the protein content in extracts of plant material by Lowry’s or Bradford’s method.
Effect of time and enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction of enzyme
Effect of substrate concentration on activity of any enzyme and determination of its Km value.
Microchemical tests for the following – Cellulose, Cutin, Suberin, Lignin, Latex, Glucose, Sucrose, Proteins, Fats, Starch.
Phytochemical tests for – Alkaloids, Terpenes, Tannins and Anthocyanins

Essential Readings:

Ramakrishnan, S., Prasannan, K. G., & Rajan, R. (2001). Textbook of medical biochemistry. Hyderabad: Orient Longman.
Plummer, D. T. (2001). Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. India: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company..
Singh, S.P.(2007) Practical Manual of Biochemistry. CBS Publisher, New Delhi.
Bajracharya, D. (2003). Experiments in plant physiology: A laboratory manual. New Delhi: Narosa.
Santra, S.C. (2015). College Botany Practical Vol.II. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Calcutta
Bendre, A.M. (2009). A Text Book of Practical Botany. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
Pandey,S.N., Misra, S.P., Trivedi, P.C. (2016). Botany Vol. II. Vikas Publishing House.
Pandey,S.N., Misra, S.P., Trivedi, P.C. (2018). Botany Vol. III. Vikas Publishing House

References:

e-Resources:

https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec22_hs16/preview [2] Ecology and Environmental Ethics – Problems and Perspectives
shttps://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_bt22/preview [3] Biochemistry IITM
https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec20_bt12/preview [4] Biochemistry of Biomolecules
https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec21_ge31/preview [5] Biodiversity of Ecological Resources
https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec21_bt11/preview [6] Biomolecules : Structure Function in Health and Disease
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_ge12/preview [7] Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_ar07/preview [8] Environmental Impact Assessment
https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec21_lw05/preview [9] Environmental Law
https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec21_ge08/preview [10] Environmental Pollution and Global issues

Academic Year:

2022-2023 [11]

Practical [1]

BOT 221: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany

Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Marsilea and any available fern.

Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of the following genera: Cycas, Ginkgo , Abies, Pinus, Picea , Taxus, Cryptomeria, Araucaria , Cephalotaxus, Cupressus, Podocarpus, Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum

Study of the following genera: Rhynia, Horneophyton, Lyginopteris, Medullosa, Neuropteris, Glossopteris.

BOT 222: Environmental Science

BOT 223: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry-I

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